中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
COP15开启全球生物多样性恢复“新十年”******
(生物多样性大会)COP15开启全球生物多样性恢复“新十年”
中新社昆明10月15日电 题:COP15开启全球生物多样性恢复“新十年”
中新社记者 胡远航 陈静
《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)第一阶段会议15日下午在中国昆明落幕。大会成功举办高级别会议,发布了“昆明宣言”,推进《生物多样性公约》的进程,为下一阶段会议的成功提供了重要保障。
《生物多样性公约》秘书处执行秘书伊丽莎白·穆雷玛评价称,“此次大会是一次非比寻常的大会,让生物多样性恢复走上‘复苏之路’。”
为全球生物多样性治理提供了高级别政治推动力
受新冠疫情影响,COP15的会期两次推迟,最终确定于今年10月和明年分两阶段举行。刚刚落幕的第一阶段会议以线上线下结合的方式召开,包含高级别会议、生态文明论坛等,吸引来自140多个缔约方及30多个国际机构和组织,共计5000余位代表参会。
在为期两天的高级别会议中,共有9位国家政要以及联合国秘书长出席了领导人峰会,119个缔约方和26个国际机构和组织共计125位部长级代表和24位驻华大使出席了会议。会议规格之高,出席的国家领导人之多,在《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会历史上是第一次。
会中,多国领导人和国际组织负责人呼吁,各国要团结一致,采取务实行动,加强全球生物多样性保护和生态环境治理。要尽快采取行动,促进知识创新和惠益分享,加大资金、技术和能力保障等。
中国生态环境部部长、COP15主席黄润秋称,此次高级别会议,为全球生物多样性治理提供了高级别的政治推动力,为下一阶段的工作指明了方向。
“昆明宣言”,指明新十年生物多样性恢复之路
第一阶段会议13日通过“昆明宣言”,这是大会的主要成果之一。“昆明宣言”承诺确保制定、通过和实施一个有效的“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”,以扭转当前生物多样性丧失趋势,并确保最迟在2030年使生物多样性走上恢复之路,进而全面实现“人与自然和谐共生”的2050年愿景。
除此之外,“昆明宣言”还作出“增加为发展中国家提供实施‘2020年后全球生物多样性框架’所需的资金、技术和能力建设支持”“各国政府继续合作推动将保护和可持续利用生物多样性纳入或‘主流化’到决策中”“加强和建立有效的保护地体系”等16项承诺。
伊丽莎白·穆雷玛表示,“昆明宣言”集中反映各方的政治意愿,向国际社会发出遏制生物多样性丧失的强烈政治信号。
中国方案,引领全球生物多样性保护
本届大会主题为“生态文明:共建地球生命共同体”,这是联合国环境公约缔约方大会首次将“生态文明”作为大会主题。会期,线下现场还举办生态文明论坛,围绕“应对气候变化与保护生物多样性”“生态文明与生物多样性保护主流化”“绿水青山就是金山银山:从理念到实践”等议题进行了深入探讨,并发布“保护生物多样性,共建全球生态文明”倡议。
“生态文明”“绿水青山就是金山银山”等中国智慧,成为此次论坛的热频词。联合国环境规划署执行主任英厄·安诺生说,“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念已被中国社会广泛接受,这提升了中国在生物多样性保护方面的引领者地位。伊丽莎白·穆雷玛称赞,在应对生物多样性丧失、生态系统退化、污染和气候变化等全球危机方面,中国政府取得了非凡的成就,这在论坛中得到充分体现。
此外,本次会议还审议《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会、《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》和《名古屋议定书》缔约方会议闭会期间的工作进展情况等,通过了《生物多样性公约》秘书处提出的2022年临时预算,为下一阶段的会议成功提供了重要保障。
“在疫情还在蔓延的特殊情况之下,我们还能在一些关键领域取得进展,表明我们有能力适应变化,并且能够在明年举行的第二阶段会议取得新的进展。”伊丽莎白·穆雷玛透露,第二阶段,各缔约方还将持续推进未决的问题,包括在昆明达成兼具雄心、务实和平衡的框架,制定与框架匹配的金融支持和机制等。(完)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)