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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

城市书屋，市民的“另一个家”******

　　【新春走基层】

　　光明日报记者 丁艳 王胜昔

　　“我很喜欢这个书屋！每次，我都会喊上几个同学一起来读书，累了就透过落地窗看看架子山的风景，或在外面的圆桌上一起讨论读书收获。有了书屋，我们的假期更充实了！”河南省信阳市羊山外国语小学六年级学生陈玥岐说。

　　记者看到，临近春节，城市书屋里坐满了前来阅读、休闲的市民。大家在这里体验到了不一样的获得感、幸福感，亲切地称它为“另一个家”。

　　陈玥岐神采飞扬地说：“我在这里已经把四大名著读了个遍。观三国烽烟，识梁山好汉，叹取经艰险，惜红楼梦断。书里神机妙算的诸葛亮、威风凛凛的武松、性格迥异的唐僧师徒等都让我难以忘怀。这个书屋环境舒适，藏书也很丰富。我和同学们都被中华传统文化的博大精深吸引。”

　　城市书屋不仅是孩子们的乐园，而且改变了周围市民的生活方式。自从有了城市书屋，大家的生活就添了一缕书香。时尚阅读室里，大爷们翻阅报纸查看各地新闻；儿童阅读室中，孩子依偎在妈妈身旁，眨巴着眼睛，听妈妈轻声讲着绘本故事……

　　书屋管理人尹秀秀经常被市民们的读书热情打动。“晚上9点，还有很多小朋友在这里阅读，看到认真的他们，我很感动，更加深刻地体会到‘美好生活看信阳’。”

　　“最是书香能致远，一屋芬芳润万家。”信阳市政协副主席、羊山新区党委书记刘璇坦言，建设城市书屋，是回应群众关切，健全公共文化服务体系，创造美好生活的生动实践。

　　据了解，除了读书品茗，城市书屋还有许多功能。书屋的社区课堂可以通过“两个更好”小程序预约，发起读书沙龙、文化交流和社区活动。书屋的商店，可以通过“两个更好”小程序链接信阳特色商家，扫码下单文创产品和本地助农产品，送货到家。

　　当地以书屋为圆心，连接更多的文化空间和群众文化活动。书屋东边的小广场是城市公共非遗空间。每个节气，都会举办热闹的市集活动，让更多人对非遗承载的中华优秀传统文化有感性的认识，让非遗融入都市人的生活。室外的儿童游乐场、休闲跑道则是小朋友放飞童心的快乐天地。

　　“有一片绿绿的大树,怀抱着小小的暖屋，屋顶有美丽的小花,站在金色阳光下。有许多暖暖的故事,都住在小小的暖屋,只要你静静去聆听,它能教会你幸福……”如歌曲《小暖屋》歌词中描绘的那般，城市书屋干净而优雅，美丽而朴实，智慧而温馨，用书香浸润着整个城市，引领着新年的新风尚。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月09日 03版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）